Lung Cancer A Malignant Transformation And Growth

Lung Cancer Screening Lung cancer is a malignant transformation and growth of the cells of the lung and the airway tissues. It is usually divided into two main types: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC, 15%) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC, 85%) with the latter further subdivided into several subtypes such as Squamous, Large Cell, and Adenocarcinoma among other rare subtypes. Each subtype has its own unique growth and spread pattern with some being more aggressive than others. Lung cancer is staged according to the American Joint Committee by the TNM system, where T stands for the size, N for nodal involvement and M for the presence of distant metastases. The knowledge of the lung cancer main types, subtypes and stage, and the presence of specific molecular and genetic signatures, help the clinician determine the treatment approaches be it surgical, radiation, chemotherapy and the combination of, in addition to the appropriate type of chemotherapy. Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates for 2012 was 1.8 million new cases which constituted 12.9% of the total number of new cancers diagnosed worldwide. Fifty eight percent of which occurred in the less developed regions. Lung cancer remains the most common cancer in men worldwide (1.2 million, 16.7% of the total) with the highest estimated age-adjusted incidence rates in Central and Eastern Europe (53.5 per 100,000) andShow MoreRelatedLung Cancer : A Malignant Cellular Transformation And Growth Of The Lung And The Airway Tissues3080 Words   |  13 Pages Lung cancer is a malignant cellular transformation and growth of the lung and the airway tissues. It is usually divided into two main types: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC, 15%) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC, 85%) with the latter further subdivided into several subtypes such as Squamous carcinoma, Large Cell carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma among other rare subtypes. Each subtype has its own unique growth and spread pattern with some being more aggressive than others. Lung cancer is staged accordingRead MoreEssay about Cancer1518 Words   |  7 PagesCancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Right now, cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world. In the early 1990s almost 6 million new cancer cases developed and more than 4 million deaths from cancers occurred. Also more than one-fifth of all deaths were caused by cancer and it has been predicted, by the American Cancer Society, that about 33% of Americans will eventually develop this disease. This is a huge disease that is killing people all over the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The field of cancer study is called OncologyRead MoreThe Four Main Types Of Blood Cancers814 Words   |  4 PagesThere are four main types of blood cancers: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). AML and ALL can become fatal within in a few weeks or month if not properly treated. CML and CLL has a slower progression rate than there chronic counterparts. Patients with AML or ALL tend to have noticeable symptoms whereas patients with CML or CLL tend to be asymptomatic (Hallek, 2015). Even though chronic leukemia progressesRead MoreNeoplasia10526 Words   |  43 PagesFMCPath) Senior Lecturer and Consultant Histopathologist University of Uyo Teaching Hospital,Uyo, Akwa- Ibom State, Nigeria. Neoplasia means the process of new growth whilst Neoplasm means a new growth. Sometimes, the parenchyma cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma, referred to as desmoplasia. Some tumours e.g. some cancers of breast are stony hard or scirrhous. Sarcomas have little connective tissue stroma and so are fleshy. Pseudo tumours: i) An ectopic rest of normal tissueRead MoreThe Expression Of Empiric Classic Emt Structural And Mesenchymal Biomarkers1466 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferentiate into two different types; Type-2 EMT (pro-fibrogenic) in small airways and Type-3 EMT (more pro-malignant) in large airways. This is consistent with the major pathologies associated with each compartment i.e. fibrosis and indeed obliteration in the small airways (2mm internal diameter), which is responsible for the main physiologic change of airflow limitation in COPD, with classically more cancer development in large airways, [23, 27, 28] especially for the squamous cell variety. Previous studiesRead MoreCancer : The Most Important Causes And Complications Of Breast Cancer1048 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer identified in women, and in spite of substantial developments in cancer treatment, it is still the second most important cause of cancer-related deaths. In general, up to 25% of breast cancer patients overexpress HER2 gene. Recently, the mAbs that identify antigens on cancer cells are being used for the targeted therapy of cancer. The antibodies can be used alone or as conjugates for the transport of radioisotopes, toxins, or drugs. Immunotoxins are manufacturedRead MoreAnticancer Drugs And Its Effects1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdrugs that showed phenomenal transformation in cancer management, unfortunately chemoresistance has been developed which represents the main reason behind chemotherapy failure in the most common types of cancer such as: lung, colon, and breast; it’s considered to be a major problem in Oncolog y. Chemoresistance is simply when rapidly growing cancer cells that used to be affected and destroyed by antineoplastic drugs stop responding and start to grow again. When cancer cells are tolerated to some anticancerRead MoreMatrix Mettaloproteinase 3 : A Potential Biomarker For Human Metastatic Osteosarcoma1711 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression of MMP-3 in human osteosarcoma and associated with tumor metastasis Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3, is one of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family that has been observed in several malignant tumors, including breast, colon, cervical and lung cancers, where its expression correlates with the invasion and metastasis of these tumors. However, the roles of MMP-3 in osteosarcoma are totally unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of MMP-3 in 15 primary andRead MoreAdjuvants In Vaccines1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe viruses that cause tumorigenic transformation produce oncoviral antigens. These antigens are recognized by the immune system as â€Å"non-self† because they are present on infected cells (Saxena and Bhardwaj 2017). Neoantigens, which are MHC restricted antigens, are produced by mutations in tumor cells so they are not found on all tumors. Because neoantigens are unique to the individual, vaccines that target these antigens need to be personalized (Saxena and Bhardwaj 2017). Finally, antigens thatRead MoreCancer Immunology2728 Words   |  11 PagesCancer: Cancer can be defining as disease condition in which cell divide and proliferate uncontrollably bypassing the normal rules of cell division. It is characterized by a progression of changes on cellular and genetic level that ultimately reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled  cell division, thus forming a malignant mass. Carcinogenesis: Cancers consist of single clones or several clones of cells that are capable of partially (benign tumor) or fully (malignant cancer) independent

Unemployment And Its Impact On The Pakistan Economy Essay

INTRODUCTION Unemployment is one of the most difficult social issues of market economics. The unemployment shifts over the business cycles as understood as changes in aggregate demand relative to aggregate supply. This paper deals with the information and the causes of unemployment and its impact on the Pakistan economy. It also shows different aspects and reasons for growing unemployment in Pakistan including its prevailing economics crisis. The role of government is also taken care of to identify the causes of unemployment. The research is conducted about the impact of unemployment on Pakistan economy. Study identifies the economic reasons of unemployment in Pakistan, to search unemployment in Pakistan and Effects of social economic impact on youth of Pakistan. The research gives information of various reasons for unemployment and its impact on the economy of Pakistan. Those who have abilities and the will to do work, but there is lack of opportunities to get job are in the category of unemployed. When unemployment high resources are wasted, people’s income are depressed. In the current situation the ratio of unemployed persons in Pakistan is more than 12 percent which consists of 113 million peoples. (Nizami.S; 2010) According to latest labour survey for 2008-09, the unemployment rate has increased to 55% from 52% unemployment rate as 15 percent. (Khalil; 1999) There are so many reasons of unemployment in Pakistan. The biggest reason is the insufficient methods ofShow MoreRelatedPhillips Curve Methodology Is Used On An Information Set Of 35 Years Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesnation like Pakistan, Phillips Curve methodology is utilized on an information set of 35 years. Phillips Curve helps in analyzing the relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment. There is a non-relative negative relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment (if unemployment is decreased than there is a rising value level in the economy). There is a long-run and easygoing relationship in the middle of inflation and unemployment over the above-mentioned period in Pakistan. ThereRead MoreReport On The Unemployment Of Pakistan Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pages Report on: Unemployment in Pakistan Submitted by: Aneel kumar Submitted to: Sir Muhammad Yamman khan Class BBA-III (morning) Subject: Business communication University of Karachi ACKNOWLGEMENT: I am grateful to my Sir Muhammad Yamman Khan who gave me this chance to write a report. By which I got my first experience to working on a report. 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According to a recently released IMF report called â€Å"Pakistan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper†, total losses, measured in terms of exports, foreign investment, industrial output and tax collection, are estimated to be around RS 2.08 trillion during the last five years period. The war on terror has outbalanced already stretched financial resources of the governmentRead MoreGlobalization1305 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Globalization, by definition, is the integration and democratization of the world s culture, economy, and infrastructure through transnational investment, rapid spread of communication and information technologies, and the impacts of free-market on local, regional and national economies. The golden words of late Dr. Mahbub ul Haq provides the true vision: Globalization is no longer an option, it is a fact. 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From newly born country to getting sixty four year old country, sometimes it has given sacrifices and sometimes remained victim of inapt political system. For the long time, it is facing number of challenges and conspiracies which has weakened its foundations and so is the structure. Therefore,Read MoreImpact of Terrorism in Pakistan1628 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Terrorism in Pakistan In lieu of unlawful violence to inculcate fear and increase coercion, terrorism has become a trending topic in the world today. Pakistan, a country in South Asia bordered by Afghanistan and India has been a country worthy of speculation due to the rate of terrorism and tribal wars that have quickly taken over the country. The sporadic effects of these attacks have begun to shatter what used to be one of Asia’s fastest growing economies. Impact on GDP Pakistan’s

Civil Procedure for Journal of the Profession- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theCivil Procedure for Journal of the Legal Profession. Answer: Facts Happy Girls was started by Moore as a pet minding enterprise in the year 2010. After growing a good reputation and getting fund, Moore adopted the business name to cater mostly to exotic fish. She took help from Otto Chubbs to establish a website platform for the business. Moore entered into a written contract with Gogol which helped Moore in expanding her pet service business. The Agreement entered between the parties was to be valid till June 30, 2020 which would entail the exclusivity of Happy Girls. The agreement between the two parties helped them grow financially. An incident occurred on December 13, 2017 when Moore visited a first-time client Gavin, who owns an alligator named Grandma. The agreement was to care for Grandma for 6 weeks. Grandma was a toothless and one-eyed which was clearly mentioned in the instructions. The agreement also mentioned that Grandma was kept in a designated, secure aquatic sanctuary. McChuter was in a hurry to leave for Dubai and therefore he forgot to close the gate of the sanctuary when he left. Moore tried her best to send the alligator back to the sanctuary but failed to do so. Moore, with food in her hand tried to send the alligator back to the sanctuary but Grandma lunged at her and though she was toothless, the force with which Grandma jumped at her, she suffered injury and her bones were crushed. The doctor has given Moore an estimate of $915 and due to the injury, Moore cannot join work. Furthermore, the incident of attack which was captured by a private surveillance was seen at Gogols video sharing site Portrait. Even Moore tried to contact Gogol to take the image off the website but he did not listen to her and later found that they were tagged at hilarious pet videos. Otto, who had initially helped Moore with the website, claimed that a t-shirt which was given to Moore by him has been sold to Gogols platform without his permission. In the present case, Moore wants to bring legal action against Gogol, Gavin and Otto for infringing her privacy and breaching confidentiality, for not respecting the terms of the agreement signed between the parties. Cause Of Action Cause of action under the UPCR is not a formal legal document, but a litigators take on a legal situation to gauge if substantive area of law can be made out or not[1]. In the present case, a legal action can arise against Gogol , Gavin and Otto. Gogol Clause 19 of the agreement between Gogol and Moore talk about Termination. The clause for termination is as being a material breach of obligations or when one of the parties does anything that is against the interests of the aggrieved party. The agreement between Moore and Gogol also talk about the clause of confidentiality wherein the parties have to respect the privacy of the other party and also use any information for the purpose of the agreement and nothing beyond the scope of the same. Clause 40 of the agreement specifically deals with confidentiality, that is, no information shall be made available to the public domain without the consent of the other party. Clause 45 of the agreement mentions the term of good faith, that is, the clause of utmost due diligence shall be meted out to the other party to ensure that the terms of the contract are not reached. Keeping in mind all the three clauses of termination, confidentiality and good faith that has been agreed between the two pa rties to treat the contact fairly, Moore has a cause of action against Gogol. The terms of the agreement were fixed to ascertain the relation between Gogol and Moore and by uploading the video of attack and tagging the photo in hilarious pet videos, Gogol has breached the privacy clause and has acted against the terms of the contract. The terms of the contract entail that the party shall not act in contravention of the best terms of the contract and in cases any party tries to breach, the termination clause shall be applied. Moore has tried every way possible to get in touch with Gogol to ask him to remove the video, but Gogol has not answered his calls. All calls made to Gogol and all emails to him have not been answered. Again, the basic idea behind enforcing the good faith clause is to ensure that parties act in accordance with the due diligence clause and try to respect the terms of the contract in the best of their ability. By uploading a personal video to the public domain, an d also by not answering the calls and emails, Gogol has breached the terms of the contract and therefore, the contract can be breached in accordance with clause 19 of the Contract because the obligations of the agreements have not been met. Gavin Gavin was the client of Moore and as part of duty, Moore had to take care of the alligator Grandma who was toothless and whose care mandated that he be put in the sanctuary which was not taken care of by Gavin because he had left in a hurry keeping the door of the sanctuary open. Due to the failure on the part of Gavin, the door of the sanctuary was left open and as a result Moore found it difficult to put the alligator back to the sanctuary. After trying hard with food in her hand, Moore tried to put the alligator back and as a result she suffered severe injuries due to which she suffered economical as well as psychological harassment. Gavin was negligent in keeping the door open, resultant of which Moore suffered the injuries. Gavin has been in Dubai since the incident and has not returned to Australia. Australian laws have process convention with USA, but not with Dubai. No process convention can place between Australia and Dubai and since Gavin is in Dubai, no charges can be brou ght against him till he comes back to Australia. Otto Otto, the cousin of Moore had helped her set up the website and later demands a sum of $10,000 for selling a specifically designed tshirt to the website of Gogol. Moore does not have any record of transactions with Otto but clearly remembers that Gogol has not used any photo given by Otto to Moore because he has his own sophisticated website. Since, the terms of the agreement are not recorded with Moore anymore; the onus is on Otto to prove that the designs provided by Otto have been misused. Moore has already made an agreed amount of payment for the work and is certain that no design has been misused by Gogol or Moore. Joinder of causes of action and parties The test to be followed while claiming a joinder of parties[3] is that, There should be common question of fact or law in the proceedings Same transaction or events of series of transaction Leave of court In this case, there are 3 a series of events that fall under the same transaction and are related by facts, hence the principle of joinder of parties will apply. Bendir v Anson[4] laid down that whenever same question of fact or law arises in the same transaction, the facts can be joined in the same proceedings. Jurisdiction Of Court In this case, the parties are related by the same chain of events and transaction and are governed by joinder of parties. A joinder of parties is triable by the Supreme Court[6]. In this case, the Supreme Court of Australia has jurisdiction to try the case. This is a civil dispute by nature and since there has been a breach of contract, there will be fixation of damages by the Court. In cases of civil dispute, the aggrieved party is compensated by paying damages. Originating Process Part 10.3 deals with service of originating process in Australia[8]. This applies to all the proceedings taking place in Australia. Service is the formal process of notifying the other party about sending the documents. All documents related to the document need to be sent to the defendant as per the rules of the UPCR. The service of documents is done to ensure that the legal documents that are necessary for the proceedings are sent to the other party as per the rules[9]. Originating Process[10] is the initial service before the commencement of the proceedings. The original application needs to be served to the other party who are parties to the proceedings[11]. Originating Process can be served personally by handing over the documents to the other party. Part 10.14 states that a document shall be served on a party by the court when the service cannot be served in the normal course[12]. References Bartlett, Francesca. "Making lawyers pay for malpractice in court: skirting advocates immunity in Australia."International Journal of the Legal Profession24.2 (2017): 109-123. Bendir v Anson [1936] 3 All ER 326 CGU Insurance v Bazem Pty Ltd[2011] NSWCA 81. Dhagamwar, Vasudha. Towards the uniform civil code. Indian Law Institute, New Delhi, 2015. Uniform Civil Procedure Rules, 2005 White, Ben, et al. "Estate contestation in Australia: An empirical study of a year of case law." UNSWLJ 38 (2015): 880.